Technical Writing: Passive Voice: Shifting the Spotlight from Doer to Deed
Imagine technical writing as a stage play. Usually, the actors (the doers of actions) take center stage. But sometimes, the spotlight shifts to the props (the objects) or the actions themselves (the processes). In grammar, this shift is known as the passive voice.
What is Passive Voice?
Passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject of a sentence receives the action rather than performing it. The focus is on the action or the object of the action, rather than the doer (agent).
- Active Voice: The scientist conducted the experiment. (Focus on the doer: scientist)
- Passive Voice: The experiment was conducted (by the scientist). (Focus on the action/object: experiment)
Why Use Passive Voice in Technical Writing?
- Emphasis on Process or Object: Passive voice highlights the process or object rather than the person performing the action. This is useful when the process or object is more important than the doer.
- Example: “The data was collected over a period of six months.” (Focus on the data)
- Objectivity: Passive voice can create a sense of objectivity by removing the focus from the individual.
- Example: “Mistakes were made.” (Avoids assigning blame)
- Unknown or Unimportant Agent: Passive voice is appropriate when the doer of the action is unknown or irrelevant.
- Example: “The equipment was damaged during shipping.”
When NOT to Use Passive Voice:
- Overuse: Excessive use of passive voice can make writing sound vague and wordy.
- Clarity: If the agent of the action is important to the understanding of the sentence, active voice is preferred.
- Responsibility: Avoid using passive voice to obscure responsibility or accountability.
Let’s Practice!
Identify Passive Voice: Find examples of passive voice in technical manuals, reports, or scientific articles. Discuss why the author might have chosen passive voice in each case.
Rewrite in Passive Voice: Transform the following active voice sentences into passive voice.
- The technician repaired the engine.
- Researchers have discovered a new vaccine.
- The company implemented the new policy last week.
Rewrite in Active Voice: Transform passive voice sentences into active voice, where appropriate, to improve clarity and conciseness.
Challenge!
Write a short technical description of a process or device, using both active and passive voice appropriately.
Remember:
Passive voice is a valuable tool in technical writing, but it should be used judiciously and strategically. By understanding when and how to use passive voice effectively, you can create clear, concise, and informative technical documents.
