Literary Analysis: Character: Protagonist, antagonist, character development

Title: Literary Analysis: Understanding Characters – Protagonist, Antagonist, and Character Development

Target Level: Intermediate

Skill Focus: Vocabulary, Reading, Writing, Speaking/Conversation

INTRO:

Welcome to today’s lesson on Literary Analysis focusing on characters in a story. Characters are the heartbeat of any narrative, providing depth, conflict, and relatability. Have you ever rooted for a character in a book or movie? Or perhaps, disliked a character intensely? Today, we’ll delve into why characters evoke such strong reactions by exploring the roles of protagonists, antagonists, and their development throughout a narrative. Let’s begin by exploring some key terms.

Vocabulary:

1. Protagonist: The main character in a story, often a hero or the central character that the story revolves around. Example: Harry Potter in the Harry Potter series.
2. Antagonist: A character or force in conflict with the protagonist, often presented as the villain or obstacle. Example: Lord Voldemort in the Harry Potter series.
3. Character Development: The process by which a character undergoes change or growth throughout the narrative.
4. Static Character: A character who remains the same throughout a story.
5. Dynamic Character: A character who undergoes significant internal change.
6. Flat Character: A simple character without extensive personality or background.
7. Round Character: A well-developed character with a complex personality.
8. Characterization: The process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.

Grammar:

Direct and Indirect Characterization:

• Direct Characterization occurs when the author directly describes a character.
• Indirect Characterization is shown through the character’s actions, speech, and interactions with others.

Examples:

• Direct: "John was a tall, brooding man."
• Indirect: "John towered over everyone else and often sat alone, lost in thought."

Activity: Identify if the following statements are direct or indirect characterization:

1. "Lily had a bright, welcoming smile that made everyone feel at home."
2. "She walked into the room and immediately started organizing the chairs."

Reading:

Short Story Excerpt:
Imagine a story set in a quaint village, where Ellie, a young, ambitious woman, discovers an ancient book that reveals her destiny to save her village from a looming disaster. The antagonist, Mr. Greaves, the wealthy mill owner, plans to flood the village to expand his empire. As the story unfolds, Ellie transitions from a timid girl into a courageous leader, rallying the villagers against Mr. Greaves’ plans.

Comprehension Questions:

1. Who is the protagonist, and what qualities do they exhibit?
2. Describe the antagonist and their conflict with the protagonist.
3. How does Ellie develop throughout the story?

Listening:

Audio Clip: A dramatic reading of a scene where Ellie confronts Mr. Greaves.

Script Excerpt:
Ellie: "The village may be small, Mr. Greaves, but its spirit is mighty. We won’t let you destroy our homes."
Mr. Greaves: "A foolish attempt. You’ll see, girl, progress cannot be halted by mere sentiment."

Questions:

1. What are Ellie’s main arguments against Mr. Greaves?
2. How does Mr. Greaves view the village and its inhabitants?

Speaking/Conversation:

Discussion Prompts:

1. Discuss a protagonist from a book or movie you admire. What qualities make them compelling?
2. Have you ever sympathized with an antagonist? Why?
3. Share a story where you noticed significant character development. What changes did the character undergo?

Activity: In pairs, students will role-play a conversation between a protagonist and antagonist from a popular story, focusing on showcasing character traits and development.

Writing:

Task: Write a short story or a scene where you explore the conflict between a protagonist and an antagonist. Include elements of character development.

Structure:

1. Introduction of the protagonist and setting
2. Introduction of the antagonist and the conflict
3. A turning point showing character development
4. Resolution or climax

OUTRO:

Today, we’ve explored the intricate world of characters in literature, focusing on protagonists, antagonists, and character development. Through various activities, we’ve seen how characters evolve and impact a story’s narrative. As an extension, try reading a favorite book or watching a movie, focusing on character analysis. Note any changes in your understanding and appreciation of the narrative.

Remember, characters are the soul of a story, making them resonate with us long after the last page is turned or the credits roll. Keep exploring, and happy reading and writing!