Philosophy and Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas

Welcome, ethical explorers, to a thought-provoking journey into the realm of moral decision-making. In this advanced course, we will grapple with the complexities of ethical dilemmas that arise in various contexts, from the corporate boardroom to the doctor’s office to the frontiers of technology. We will sharpen our critical thinking skills, dissect contrasting viewpoints, and develop a framework for making ethical choices that align with our values and principles.

Ethical Dilemmas: A Landscape of Moral Challenges

Ethical dilemmas are situations where two or more moral values or principles conflict, forcing us to choose between competing courses of action. We will explore a variety of ethical dilemmas, including:

• Business Ethics: Should a company prioritize profit over environmental sustainability? Is it ethical to outsource jobs to countries with lower labor standards? How should businesses balance shareholder interests with social responsibility?
• Medical Ethics: Should a doctor withhold life-sustaining treatment if a patient requests it? Is it ethical to use genetic engineering to enhance human traits? How should we allocate scarce medical resources in a pandemic?
• Technology Ethics: Should self-driving cars prioritize the safety of their passengers or pedestrians? Is it ethical to use facial recognition technology for surveillance? How should we regulate the development and use of artificial intelligence?
• Environmental Ethics: Should we prioritize economic development over environmental protection? Is it ethical to use animals for scientific research? How should we address the global climate crisis?

Activity: Ethical Dilemma Case Studies

Let’s delve into real-world case studies that illustrate the complexities of ethical decision-making. We will analyze the ethical dilemmas faced by individuals and organizations in various fields, examining the conflicting values, potential consequences, and ethical frameworks that can guide our choices.

Developing Critical Thinking Skills for Ethical Decision-Making

Making ethical decisions requires more than just gut feeling or intuition. It involves a systematic approach that includes:

• Identifying the Ethical Issue: What are the moral values and principles at stake?
• Gathering Information: What are the relevant facts and circumstances? Who are the stakeholders affected by the decision?
• Considering Alternatives: What are the different courses of action available? What are the potential consequences of each option?
• Evaluating Alternatives: Apply ethical frameworks and principles to assess the ethical implications of each alternative.
• Making a Decision: Choose the course of action that you believe is most ethical and justifiable, based on your analysis and values.
• Reflecting on Your Decision: After making a decision, reflect on the process and outcome. Did you make the right choice? What lessons can you learn for future decision-making?

Activity: Ethical Decision-Making Simulation

We will participate in a simulated ethical decision-making exercise. You will be presented with a complex ethical dilemma and asked to work through the steps outlined above to reach a decision. We will then discuss our reasoning and the ethical implications of our choices.

Ethical Frameworks and Principles

To guide our ethical decision-making, we will explore various ethical frameworks and principles, such as:

• Utilitarianism: This theory focuses on maximizing overall happiness or well-being.
• Deontology: This theory emphasizes adherence to rules and duties.
• Virtue Ethics: This theory emphasizes the development of moral character and virtues.
• Care Ethics: This theory emphasizes the importance of relationships and caring for others.

Activity: Ethical Frameworks Debate

Divide into groups representing different ethical frameworks. Choose a controversial ethical issue and debate the merits of each framework in addressing the issue. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and the implications for ethical decision-making.

Closing Reflection:

Ethical dilemmas are a part of life, and navigating them requires careful consideration, critical thinking, and a commitment to ethical principles. By developing our understanding of ethical frameworks, analyzing real-world case studies, and practicing ethical decision-making skills, we can become more confident and responsible decision-makers in our personal and professional lives.